Smallpox: Eradication Program

Reports & Publications

Overview

Dissemination of information about the the program was essential. Foremost, it fostered a common understanding of principles, procedures, status, and progress among a geographically far-flung program staff. It also served to inform national and international public health authorities and donor agencies essential for program support.

A Smallpox Surveillance Report was published periodically in WHO's Weekly Epidemiologic Record
A 'Target Zero' progress report was circulated among program staff. It contained information not relevant to the somewhat formulaic Surveillance Report.
Field staff were encouraged to write up observations and field experiments. Headquarters staff edited these and circulated them among progam staff as the WHO/SE Report Series.
Program staff published extensively in the scientific Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (A number of WHO/SE series articles were subsequently published in this and other scientific journals).
Articles for general readers were published in several now-defunct WHO journals, and several issues of the magazine World Health were dedicated to the program.

Smallpox Surveillance Reports

Photo: CDC PHIL #8110

Dr Alexander Langmuir, Chief of CDC's Epidemiology Branch, and Dr DA Henderson, Assistant Chief and Chief of the Surveillance Section, circa 1959

Dr Alexander D Langmuir (appointed chief in 1949 of the Epidemiology Branch of the newly-formed Communicable Disease Center) introduced surveillance as a critical factor in disease control to the United States.

Surveillance, when applied to a disease, means the continuous monitoring of its distribution and trends through the systematic collection, consolidation and evaluation of morbidity and mortality reports and other relevant data.

Intrinsic in the concept is the regular dissemination of the basic data and interpretations to all who have contributed and to all others who need to know.

Langmuir AD. The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance.
N Engl J Med 1963 268:182–92

Dr DA Henderson, as chief of the Branch's Surveillance Section, absorbed these precepts and made systematic surveillance a central focus of smallpox eradication.

A periodic Smallpox Surveillance Report was added to WHO's Weekly Epidemiologic Record (WER). Reports were issued about every 3 weeks from June 1968 through May 1980. Most issues featured a brief overall summary, followed by a detailed focus on a specific region, country, or practice. Mid-year summaries were prepared for the annual meetings of the World Health Assembly.

The reports were reprinted from the WER for wider distribution. From 1970-75, supplemental detailed tables were added to the reprints for India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

The reports were reprinted from the WER for wider distribution. From 1970-75, supplemental detailed tables were added to the reprints for India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh; these are in the 'DAH' version of the document.

Rpt #	Date	Primary focus	Source	URL	Suppl tables
1st draft	Sep 1967	Proposed quarterly report; rejected by Secretariat, not distributed	SE/SR/67.1 Indexed on IRIS, no document	WHO: 10665/67093 DAH: Chesney Med Arch
	15 Sep 1967	# of cases reported by country	WER 1967 42(37):425-6	WHO: 10665/216200
	1 Dec 1967	# of cases reported by country	WER 1967 42(48):540-1	WHO: 10665/216317
2nd draft	Dec 1967	Rejected by Secretariat, not distributed	SE/SR/67.2 Indexed on IRIS, no document	WHO: 10665/67094 DAH: Chesney Med Arch
1	7 Jun 1968	Asia	WER 1968 43(23):290-1	WHO: 10665/67094
2	21 Jun 1968	Global	WER 1968 43(25):318-9	WHO: 10665/216648
3	5 Jul 1968	Western and Central Africa	WER 1968 43(27):342-3	WHO: 10665/216673
4	19 Jul 1968	Eastern and Southern Africa	WER 1968 43(29):362-3	WHO: 10665/216693
5	2 Aug 1968	South America	WER 1968 43(31):388-9	WHO: 10665/216724
6	16 Aug 1968	Asia	WER 1968 43(33):408-9	WHO: 10665/216745
7	30 Aug 1968	Western and Central Africa	WER 1968 43(35):444-7	WHO: 10665/216769
8	13 Sep 1968	Brazil. Importation: Belgium	WER 1968 43(37):468-72	WHO: 10665/216790
9	27 Sep 1968	Eastern and Southern Africa. Epidemic: Sudan	WER 1968 43(39):494-9	WHO: 10665/216813
10	11 Oct 1968	Asia. India	WER 1968 43(41):524-8	WHO: 10665/216842
11	25 Oct 1968	Asia. Pakistan. Worldwide cases 1956-67	WER 1968 43(43):552-6	WHO: 10665/216865
12	8 Nov 1968	Africa	WER 1968 43(45):574-9	WHO: 10665/216887
13	22 Nov 1968	Brazil	WER 1968 43(47):599-604	WHO: 10665/16911
14	13 Dec 1968	Burma	WER 1968 43(50):648-52	WHO: 10665/216949
15	10 Jan 1969	Global year-end summary — 1968	WER 1969 44(2):44-7	WHO: 10665/216987
16	24 Jan 1969	Madras City, India	WER 1969 44(4):78-86	WHO: 10665/217012
17	7 Feb 1969	Western and Central Africa. Outbreak: Sierra Leone	WER 1969 44(6):113-6	WHO: 10665/217035
18	21 Feb 1969	Outbreaks in non-endemic countries: Cameroon, Ghana, Sudan, South Africa. Brazil: Outbreak in a city "100% vaccinated"	WER 1969 44(8):150-8	WHO: 10665/217064
19	7 Mar 1969	Eastern and Southern Africa. Case distribution by age and vaccination status: Afghanistan, Indonesia, West Pakistan	WER 1969 44(10):173-9	WHO: 10665/217087
20	21 Mar 1969	Outbreaks: Mali/Upper Volta border	WER 1969 44(12):205-11	WHO: 10665/217110
21	3 Apr 1969	Outbreaks: East Pakistan	WER 1969 44(14):237-40	WHO: 10665/217134
22	18 Apr 1969	Indonesia	WER 1969 44(16):265-70	WHO: 10665/217164
23	2 May 1969	Strategy of the smallpox surveillance and containment programme, Western and Central Africa	WER 1969 44(18):297-303	WHO: 10665/217190
24	16 May 1969	Eastern and Southern Africa	WER 1969 44(20):333-7	WHO: 10665/217211
25	6 Jun 1969	Brazil	WER 1969 44(23):381-7	WHO: 10665/217254
26	20 Jun 1969	East Pakistan	WER 1969 44(25):413-8, 424	WHO: 10665/217269
27	4 Jul 1969	Global mid-year summary — 1969	WER 1969 44(27):433-44	WHO: 10665/217286
28	25 Jul 1969	Eastern Africa: Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda 1966-69. Outbreak: Malawi	WER 1969 44(30):469-74 Corr: WER 1969 44(31):485	WHO: 10665/217310
29	15 Aug 1969	Sudan	WER 1969 44(33):497-502	WHO: 10665/217337
30	5 Sep 1969	Indonesia	WER 1969 44(36):525-9	WHO: 10665/217366
31	26 Sep 1969	Democratic Republic of the Congo	WER 1969 44(39):557-61	WHO: 10665/217401
32	17 Oct 1969	Madras City, India	WER 1969 44(42):585-91	WHO: 10665/217436
33	7 Nov 1969	Brazil	WER 1969 44(45):613-9	WHO: 10665/217469
34	28 Nov 1969	Western and Central Africa. Outbreak: Dahomey	WER 1969 44(48):645-9	WHO: 10665/217500
35	23 Dec 1969	East Pakistan	WER 1969 44(51-52):669-76	WHO: 10665/217531
36	16 Jan 1970	Global year-end summary — 1969	WER 1970 45(3):17-27	WHO: 10665/217559
37	6 Feb 1970	Variolation. Outbreak: Meschede, Germany: 15 secondary cases, 2 deaths	WER 1970 45(6):65-71	WHO: 10665/217606
38	27 Feb 1970	Smallpox vaccine and vaccination techniques. Outbreak update: Meschede, Germany	WER 1970 45(9):93-8	WHO: 10665/217639
39	26 Mar 1970	India	WER 1970 45(13):137-43	WHO: 10665/217675
40	17 Apr 1970	Importations: Germany, Saudi Arabia, Uganda, Zambia. Indonesia	WER 1970 45(16):177-85	WHO: 10665/217702
41	8 May 1970	Global mid-year summary — 1970	WER 1970 45(19):209-21	WHO: 10665/217723
42	4 Jun 1970	Outbreak update: Meschede, Germany	WER 1970 45(23):249-56	WHO: 10665/217758 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
43	26 Jun 1970	Outbreak: Nigeria	WER 1970 45(26):278-82	WHO: 10665/217785 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
44	17 Jul 1970	Eastern Africa. Tanzania	WER 1970 45(29):305-9	WHO: 10665/217821 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
45	7 Aug 1970	Persistent endemic smallpox in rural areas — East Pakistan	WER 1970 45(32):337-43	WHO: 10665/217851 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
46	28 Aug 1970	Epidemic: Sudan	WER 1970 45(35):368-72	WHO: 10665/217877 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
47	18 Sep 1970	Outbreak: Argentina. Brazil	WER 1970 45(38):397-403	WHO: 10665/217914 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
48	9 Oct 1970	Europe	WER 1970 45(41):453-8	DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
49	30 Oct 1970	Outbreak update: Argentina	WER 1970 45(44):485-9	WHO: 10665/217944 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
50	20 Nov 1970	Asia	WER 1970 45(47):520-3	WHO: 10665/218025 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
51	18 Dec 1970	Afghanistan	WER 1970 45(51):558-63	WHO: 10665/218076 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
52	15 Jan 1971	Global year-end summary — 1970	WER 1971 46(3):14-22	WHO: 10665/218115 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
53	5 Feb 1971	Southern India. Smallpox Eradication Programme in Andhrapradesh State	WER 1971 46(6):46-50	WHO: 10665/218148 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
54	5 Mar 1971	Importations into non-endemic countries: Trucial Sheikhdoms, Iran. Smallpox-like illnesses in Africa [monkeypox in Dem Rep Congo, Liberia, Sierra Leone]	WER 1971 46(10):86-91	WHO: 10665/218191 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
55	26 Mar 1971	Transmission of smallpox in well-vaccinated populations: Afghanistan, Indonesia	WER 1971 46(13):122-5 Corr: WER 1971 46(14):136-7	WHO: 10665/218234 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
56	16 Apr 1971	Kenya. Brazil	WER 1971 46(16):158-60	WHO: 10665/218277 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
57	7 May 1971	Global mid-year summary — 1971	WER 1971 46(19):181-92	WHO: 10665/218314
58	4 Jun 1971	Ethiopia. Sudan	WER 1971 46(23):228-33	WHO: 10665/218358 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
59	25 Jun 1971	East Pakistan	WER 1971 46(26):255-8	WHO: 10665/218389 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
60	16 Jul 1971	Smallpox transmission in families [Pakistan]	WER 1971 46(29):284-7	WHO: 10665/218422 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
61	13 Aug 1971	Democratic Republic of the Congo	WER 1971 46(33):348-52	WHO: 10665/218467 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
62	3 Sep 1971	Importations into non-endemic countries. Change in national vaccination policy: UK	WER 1971 46(36):376-9	WHO: 10665/218498 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
63	1 Oct 1971	Smallpox transmission between villages: West Pakistan	WER 1971 46(40):412-4	WHO: 10665/218540 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
64	29 Oct 1971	East and West Pakistan	WER 1971 46(44):453-8	WHO: 10665/218577 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Global 1970
65	26 Nov 1971	South America	WER 1971 46(48):486-90	WHO: 10665/218615 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
66	17 Dec 1971	India	WER 1971 46(51):521-26	WHO: 10665/218642 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
67	14 Jan 1972	Global year-end summary — 1971	WER 1972 47(2):17-26	WHO: 10665/218681 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
68	11 Feb 1972	Mainland Asia. Southern Africa	WER 1972 47(6):64-7	WHO: 10665/218728 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
69	10 Mar 1972	Zaire	WER 1972 47(10):109-13	WHO: 10665/218773 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
70	7 Apr 1972	Ethiopia — The first 12 months	WER 1972 47(14):141-46	WHO: 10665/218819 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
70A	21 Apr 1972	Outbreak: Yugoslavia	WER 1972 47(16):161-2	WHO: 10665/218843
71	5 May 1972	Global mid-year summary — 1972	WER 1972 47(18):173-83	WHO: 10665/218864 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
72	9 Jun 1972	Bangladesh	WER 1972 47(23):225-6	WHO: 10665/218926 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
73	30 Jun 1972	Ethiopia and Sudan	WER 1972 47(26):249-51	WHO: 10665/218953 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
74	14 Jul 1972	Mainland Asia	WER 1972 47(28):265-71	WHO: 10665/218970 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
75	28 Jul 1972	Botswana	WER 1972 47(30):284-6	WHO: 10665/218995 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
76	18 Aug 1972	Ethiopia and Sudan	WER 1972 47(33):313-5	WHO: 10665/219033 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
77	1 Sep 1972	Asian sub-continent	WER 1972 47(35):330-2	WHO: 10665/219056 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
78	15 Sep 1972	Ethiopia and Sudan	WER 1972 47(37):345-7	WHO: 10665/219076 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
79	29 Sep 1972	Asian sub-continent	WER 1972 47(39):371-3	WHO: 10665/219096 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
80	20 Oct 1972	Asian sub-continent	WER 1972 47(42):398-401	WHO: 10665/219124 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India
81	17 Nov 1972	Africa	WER 1972 47(46):453-6	WHO: 10665/219155 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
82	1 Dec 1972	Asian sub-continent	WER 1972 47(48):470-2	WHO: 10665/219174 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
83	22 Dec 1972	Sudan and Ethiopia. Botswana	WER 1972 47(51/52):494-6	WHO: 10665/219199 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
84	12 Jan 1973	Global year-end summary — 1972	WER 1973 48(2):9-19	WHO: 10665/219213 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
85	2 Feb 1973	Asian sub-continent	WER 1973 48(5):69-71	WHO: 10665/219247 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
86	23 Feb 1973	Sudan and Ethiopia	WER 1973 48(8):93-6	WHO: 10665/219274 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
87	6 Mar 1973	Asian sub-continent. Importation: UK	WER 1973 48(11):126-9	WHO: 10665/219303 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
88	30 Mar 1973	Ethiopia and Sudan	WER 1973 48(13):143-5	WHO: 10665/219326 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
89	13 Apr 1973	Asian sub-continent, Botswana, Uganda. Importation: Japan. Outbreak: UK [Birmingham]	WER 1973 48(15):167-70	WHO: 10665/219341 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
90	4 May 1973	Global mid-year summary — 1973	WER 1973 48(18):189-99	WHO: 10665/219371 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
91	1 Jun 1973	Sudan	WER 1973 48(22):231-4	WHO: 10665/219406 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
92	29 Jun 1973	Asian sub-continent	WER 1973 48(26):264-6	WHO: 10665/219443 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
93	20 Jul 1973	Africa	WER 1973 48(29):289-91	WHO: 10665/219466 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
94	10 Aug 1973	Strategy of smallpox eradication for smallpox-free areas. Nepal. Orissa State, India	WER 1973 48(32):315-8	WHO: 10665/219492 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
95	31 Aug 1973	Ethiopia and Sudan	WER 1973 48(35):348-50	WHO: 10665/219520 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
96	21 Sep 1973	Asian sub-continent	WER 1973 48(38):370-3	WHO: 10665/219548 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
97	19 Oct 1973	Ethiopia. Botswana	WER 1973 48(42):402-5	WHO: 10665/219587 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
98	16 Nov 1973	Asian sub-continent. Botswana. Importations: Somalia, French Territory of the Afars and Issas, Nepal	WER 1973 48(46):434-8	WHO: 10665/219623 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
99	14 Dec 1973	Ethiopia. India. Pakistan. Bangladesh	WER 1973 48(50):475-9	WHO: 10665/219652 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
100	11 Jan 1974	Global year-end summary — 1973	WER 1974 49(2):9-18	WHO: 10665/219695 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
101	8 Feb 1974	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(6):50-1	WHO: 10665/219725 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
102	8 Mar 1974	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(10):82-5	WHO: 10665/219757 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
103	11 Apr 1974	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(15):126-9	WHO: 10665/219809 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
104	10 May 1974	Global mid-year summary — 1974	WER 1974 49(19):157-66	WHO: 10665/219854 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
105	14 Jun 1974	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(24):207-10	WHO: 10665/219910 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
106	12 Jul 1974	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(28):238-41	WHO: 10665/219942 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
107	9 Aug 1974	Bangladesh, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(32):271-4	WHO: 10665/219975 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
108	6 Sep 1974	Bangladesh, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(36):302-4	WHO: 10665/220009 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
109	4 Oct 1974	Bangladesh, India, Pakistan. Smallpox and vaccinia	WER 1974 49(40):334-7	WHO: 10665/220049 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
110	1 Nov 1974	Bangladesh, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(44):365-9	WHO: 10665/220090 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
111	13 Dec 1974	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1974 49(50):414-17	WHO: 10665/220150 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
112	17 Jan 1975	Global year-end summary — 1974. Monkeypox	WER 1975 50(3):13-22	WHO: 10665/220185 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
113	21 Feb 1975	Bangladesh. India	WER 1975 50(8):90-94	WHO: 10665/220238 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
114	21 Mar 1975	Bangladesh	WER 1975 50(12):121-4	WHO: 10665/220285 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Bangladesh
115	25 Apr 1975	Ethiopia. Bangladesh	WER 1975 50(17):162-6	WHO: 10665/220326 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Bangladesh
116	16 May 1975	Global mid-year summary — 1975	WER 1975 50(20):185-93	WHO: 10665/220353 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Bangladesh
117	13 Jun 1975	Bangladesh. India	WER 1975 50(24):221-4	WHO: 10665/220397 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Bangladesh
118	11 Jul 1975	Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan	WER 1975 50(28):254-6	WHO: 10665/220436 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	India, Bangladesh
119	8 Aug 1975	Asian sub-continent. Ethiopia. Smallpox Count-down introduced	WER 1975 50(32):281-5	WHO: 10665/220472 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	Bangladesh
120	19 Sep 1975	Bangladesh, India, Ethiopia. Suspect cases: Mozambique	WER 1975 50(38):325-9	WHO: 10665/220529 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	Bangladesh
121	24 Oct 1975	Bangladesh, Ethiopia	WER 1975 50(43):363-6	WHO: 10665/220579 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	Bangladesh
122	14 Nov 1975	Bangladesh	WER 1975 50(46):393-7	WHO: 10665/220607 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	Bangladesh
123	19 Dec 1975	Ethiopia, Bangladesh	WER 1975 50(51):430-33	WHO: 10665/220648 DAH: Chesney Med Arch	Bangladesh
124	16 Jan 1976	Global year-end summary — 1975	WER 1976 51(3):9-18	WHO: 10665/220673
125	20 Feb 1976	Ethiopia	WER 1976 51(8):61-3	WHO: 10665/220720
126	26 Mar 1976	Ethiopia	WER 1976 51(13):98-9	WHO: 10665/220776
127	7 May 1976	Global mid-year summary — 1976	WER 1976 51(19):141-51	WHO: 10665/220833
128	18 Jun 1976	Ethiopia	WER 1976 51(25):202-4	WHO: 10665/220893
129	30 Jul 1976	Ethiopia	WER 1976 51(31):245-7	WHO: 10665/220962
130	19 Nov 1976	Ethiopia, Somalia. Smallpox and the smallpox programme in Somalia	WER 1976 51(47):360-2	WHO: 10665/221123
131	14 Jan 1977	Global year-end summary — 1976	WER 1977 52(2):9-19	WHO: 10665/221189
132	4 Mar 1977	Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia	WER 1977 52(9):85-8	WHO: 10665/221260
133	6 May 1977	Global mid-year summary — 1977	WER 1977 52(18):153-61	WHO: 10665/221347
134	10 Jun 1977	Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia	WER 1977 52(23):193-5	WHO: 10665/221385
135	22 Jul 1977	Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia	WER 1977 52(29):240-2	DAH: Chesney Med Arch
136	26 Aug 1977	Somalia	WER 1977 52(34):277-9	WHO: 10665/221508
137	7 Oct 1977	Meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 26-28 Sep 1977: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan	WER 1977 52(40):371-21	WHO: 10665/221565
138	9 Dec 1977	Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti	WER 1977 52(49):389-91	WHO: 10665/221645
139	13 Jan 1978	Global end-of-year summary — 1977	WER 1978 53(2):9-15	WHO: 10665/221687
140	7 Apr 1978	Eastern Africa: Last known smallpox foci	WER 1978 53(14):97-9	WHO: 10665/221829
141	5 May 1978	Global mid-year summary — 1978	WER 1978 53(18):125-30	WHO: 10665/221868
142	4 Aug 1978	Global certification of smallpox eradication. Progress towards certification: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia; Sudan, Uganda	WER 1978 53(31):229-32	WHO: 10665/222009
143	1 Dec 1978	Definition and criteria of smallpox eradication	WER 1978 53(48):349-50	WHO: 10665/222225
144	5 Jan 1979	Global year-end summary — 1978	WER 1979 54(1):1-6 Corr: WER 54(3):23	WHO: 10665/222282
145	2 Feb 1979	Vaccination policy; Current status of vaccination policy in individual countries; Vaccine reserves	WER 1979 54(5):36-37	WHO: 10665/222329
146	Mar 16 1979	Collection and testing of specimens	WER 1979 54(11):85	WHO: 10665/222400
147	4 May 1979	Global mid-year summary — 1979	WER 1979 54(18):137-42	WHO: 10665/222478
148	28 Sep 1979	Certification of smallpox eradication. Variola virus in laboratories. Poxvirus research. Vaccination policy	WER 1979 54(39):297-300	WHO: 10665/222731
149	1 Feb 1980	Global Commission recommendations for post-eradication actions	WER 1980 55(5):33-4	WHO: 10665/222900
150	25 Apr 1980	Smallpox eradication: History	WER 1980 55(17):121-5	WHO: 10665/223027

Target Zero Progress Reports

At the beginning of Sep 1972, it looked as if smallpox incidence could be reduced to zero within 18 months. 'Target Zero' was the name given to this elusive final phase of the smallpox eradication program.

Before the 1967 Smallpox Eradication Programme, the "success" of an eradication programme was measured as the proportion of the population apparently vaccinated successfully. The plan drafted in 1966 for WHO's Director-General by Henderson and Dr Charles Cockburn states unequivocally that Further, "each case that occurs suggests the possibility of flaws in the programme. An outbreak, however small, demands a full critical review with appropriate revisions of the program."

Under 'Target Zero', every case or suspected case of smallpox represented a potential failure. Every suspect case of smallpox would be dealt with as a public health emergency. Containment measures would be promptly and effectively carried out. In addition, an active search for cases would be required in many areas.

"Target Zero" became the programme's mantra. "Target Zero" T-shirts and bumper stickers were produced. The symbol of participation in the SEP, a small pin called the "Order of the Bifurcated Needle", was a bifurcated needle bent into a "zero" shape.

Target Zero — Progress Reports were issued approximately every 4 weeks from December 1972 through March 1976. The interruptions during 1975 reflect a crisis in the Bangladesh programme. Henderson "commuted" to Bangladesh from Geneva, spending 2-3 weeks there every month.

Sculpture, Order of the Bifurcated Needle

Order of the Bifurcated Needle, bronze, David Henderson

1972		1973		1974		1975-76
		16 Jan 1973	Report #3	16 Jan 1974	Report #18	7 Jan 1975	Report #29
		2 Feb 1973	Report #4	11 Feb 1974	Report #19
		27 Feb 1973	Report #5
		19 Mar 1973	Report #6	11 Mar 1974	Report #20
		2 Apr 1973	Report #7	11 Apr 1974	Report #21
		17 Apr 1973	Report #8
		8 May 1973	Report #9	13 May 1974	Report #22
		5 Jun 1973	Report #10	14 Jun 1974	Report #23	2 Jun 1975	Report #30
28 Jul 1972	Sep 1972: Beginning of the "final phase"	20 Jul 1973	Report #11	31 Jul 1974	Report #24	11 Jul 1975	Report #31
		14 Aug 1973	Report #12
		31 Aug 1973	Report #13	29 Aug 1974	Report #25
28 Sep 1972	Progress and plans — The Final Phase	25 Sep 1973	Report #14
		22 Oct 1973	Report #15	1 Oct 1974	Report #26	27 Oct 1975	Report #32
1 Dec 1972	Report #1	19 Nov 1973	Report #16	5 Nov 1974	Report #27
21 Dec 1972	Report #2	17 Dec 1973	Report #17	9 Dec 1974	Report #28	22 Mar 1976	Report #33

WHO/SE Report Series

Year	WHO/SE #	Title	Author(s)	IRIS #
1968	WHO/SE/68.1	Smallpox control in Indonesia during the second quarter of the century and re-establishment of endemic smallpox from 1947	Polak MF	WHO: 10665/67458
1968	WHO/SE/68.2 Corr.1	Surveillance: The key to smallpox eradication [and corrigendum]	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/67459 10665/67460
1968	WHO/SE/68.3	Faith Tabernacle smallpox epidemic, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Thompson D, Foege WH	WHO: 10665/67462
1968	WHO/SE/68.4	Cultural resistance to smallpox vaccination	Challenor B	WHO: 10665/67464
1968	WHO/SE/68.5	Characteristics of an epidemic of smallpox, Gerere Hamlet, Nigeria—1968	Pifer J, Adeoye CL	WHO: 10665/67463
1968	WHO/SE/68.6	An outbreak of smallpox in Chingleput District, Madras	Rao AR	WHO: 10665/67465
1968	WHO/SE/68.7	A short report on epidemiological findings of smallpox outbreaks in the city of Madras (January-June 1968)	Rao AR	WHO: 10665/67466
1969	WHO/SE/69.8	Field investigation of an outbreak of smallpox at Bawku, Ghana: May-October 1967	de Sario V	WHO: 10665/67469
1969	WHO/SE/69.9	An outbreak of smallpox in a village in Afghanistan	Rangaraj AG	WHO: 10665/67470
1969	WHO/SE/69.10	Some aspects of the epidemiology of smallpox in Nepal	Singh S	WHO:
1969	WHO/SE/69.11	Endemic smallpox in a rural area	Thomas DB, McCormack WM, Arita I, Khan MM, Islam S, Mack TM	WHO: 10665/67457
1969	WHO/SE/69.12	"Negative" epidemiological enquiries within the framework of the smallpox eradication programme	Glokpor GF	WHO: 10665/67467
1969	WHO/SE/69.13	Transmission of smallpox in endemic areas	Heiner GG, Fatima N, Ali A	WHO: 10665/67468
1970	WHO/SE/70.14	An alastrim outbreak in the Gran Sabana (State of Bolivar), Venezuela, 1962	Halbrohr JG	WHO: 10665/67471
1970	WHO/SE/70.15	Contribution of the French Territory of the Afars and Issas (TFAI) to smallpox control in east Africa	Courtois D	WHO: 10665/67472
1970	WHO/SE/70.16	The efficacy and acceptability of the bifurcated needle technique: A summary of studies conducted in India		WHO: 10665/67473
1970	WHO/SE/70.17	A short report on epidemiological investigations of smallpox outbreaks in 1969 in a few villages of Nellore district of Andra Pradesh, India	Rao AR, Paramasivam TV, Kamalakshi S, Parasuraman AR, Shantha M	WHO: 10665/67475
1970	WHO/SE/70.18	Epidemiological and virological studies on the off-season smallpox cases in Calcutta	Sarkar JK, Ray S, Manji P	WHO: 10665/67476
1970	WHO/SE/70.19	A short report on the epidemiological findings of smallpox outbreaks in the State of Tamil Nadu, July 1968-June 1969	Rao AR	WHO: 10665/67477
1970	WHO/SE/70.20	Outbreaks of smallpox during 1968 in some villages of Jaipur District, Rajasthan	Pattanayak S, Sehgal PN, Raghavan NGS	WHO: 10665/67478
1970	WHO/SE/70.21	Epidemiological investigations—Smallpox Eradication Programme in Togo - 1969	Glokpor GF, Agle AN	WHO: 10665/67479
1970	WHO/SE/70.22	Epidemiological characteristics of smallpox outbreaks in two small Brazilian villages	Arnt N, Morris L	WHO: 10665/67480
1970	WHO/SE/70.23	Smallpox in the Municipio of São Paulo, Brazil, 1945-1969: A 25 year review	Morris L, Cappello H, Soares R, Ponce de Leon J, Leser W	WHO: 10665/67481
1971	WHO/SE/71.24	Endemic smallpox in rural East Pakistan. I. Methodology, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cases, and intervillage transmission	Thomas DB, McCormack WM, Arita I, Khan MM, Islam S, Mack TM	WHO: 10665/67482
1971	WHO/SE/71.25	Endemic smallpox in rural East Pakistan. II. Intravillage transmission and infectiousness	Thomas DB, Arita I, McCormack WM, Khan MM, Islam S, Mack TM	WHO: 10665/67483
1971	WHO/SE/71.26	A study of inapparent infection in smallpox.	Heiner GG, Fatima N, Daniel RW, Cole JL, Anthony RL, McCrumb FR Jr	WHO: 10665/67484
1971	WHO/SE/71.27	Development of the smallpox surveillance programme in Andhra Pradesh	Apparao MC	WHO: 10665/67485
1971	WHO/SE/71.28	Smallpox	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/67486
1971	WHO/SE/71.29	Field trials of methisazone as a prophylactic agent against smallpox	Heiner GG, Fatima N, Russell PK, Hasse AT, Ahmad N, Mohammed N, Thomas DB, Mack TM, Khan MM, Knatterud GL, Anthony RL, McCrumb FR Jr	WHO: 10665/67487
1971	WHO/SE/71.30	Proceedings of the Inter-regional Seminar on Surveillance and Assessment in Smallpox Eradication		WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 2-4	Preface and table of contents		WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 6-12	Summary - Status of the global programme	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 13-23	Review of the status of smallpox in the South-East Asia Region	Oles AJ	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 24-30	Status of the smallpox eradication programmes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region	Shafa E	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 32-44	The Smallpox Eradication Programme in Sierra Leone	Cummings EC	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 45-51	Recurrence of smallpox in Nigeria 1970	Foege WH	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 52-8	Problems of border areas in West Africa	Foege WH	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 60-70	Surveillance in the Brazilian smallpox eradication programme, 1970	de Faria GB, de Carvalho Filho EC, Rodrigues BA, Ponce de Leon J	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 71-8	Investigation of hospital-associated smallpox: Vitoria, Espirito Santo	Morris L, de Lemos AL, da Silva OJ	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 80-91	Smallpox surveillance in Afghanistan	Rangaraj AG	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 92-7	Special problems relating to the smallpox eradication programme in Afghanistan	Akbary MT	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 98-102	Assessment of the smallpox vaccination program in Afghanistan	Salehi MY	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 104-7	International cooperation in the smallpox eradication programme [Outbreaks in Burma in 1968 and 1969]	Thaung U, Myat UA	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 108-10	Importation of smallpox cases into Nepal	Shrestha PN	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 112-6	The establishment of an effective reporting system in Indonesia	Karyadi A	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 117-25	Is routine vaccination necessary in a smallpox eradication programme?	Koswara PA	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 126-9	The twenty years and the twenty months	Arbani PR	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 130-3	Low-level transmission of smallpox in a well vaccinated area, Pasar Minggu, Djakarta, Indonesia (February-August 1970)	Emmet W	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 134-9	Smallpox in Djakarta Residency, 1970	Hartohusodo R	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 140-4	What went wrong in Loning?	Arbani PR	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 146-60	Observations druing special investigations in Rajasthan	Singh M	WHO: 10665/68048
	pp 161-73	Development of the smallpox surveillance programme in Andhra Pradesh State, India	Apparao MC	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 174-80	The pattern of urban smallpox--Calcutta	Sarkar JK	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 182-94	Surveillance of smallpox in East Pakistan	Markvart K, Huq AMM, Islam AIMS	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 195-206	Surveillance activities of the Smallpox Eradication Programme in West Pakistan	Khawaja MB, Adibzadeh F	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 208-18	Vaccination of hospitalized patients and newborns: Contraindications to vaccination	Rao AR	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 219-22	Vaccine, production, storage and handling	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 223-8	Tools and techniques in smallpox vaccination	Shafa E	WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 229-32	Recommendations of the Conference		WHO: 10665/67488
	pp 233-43	List of participants		WHO: 10665/67488
1971	WHO/SE/71.31	Results of virological examination of smallpox convalescents and contacts	Shelukhina EM, Marennikova SS, Maltseva NN, Matzevich GR, Hashmi AA	WHO: 10665/67489
1971	WHO/SE/71.32	Epidemiology of variola minor in Brazil: A study of 33 outbreaks	de Quadros CA, Morris L, da Costa EA, Arnt N, Tigre CH	WHO: 10665/67490
1971	WHO/SE/71.33	A study of intrafamilial transmission of smallpox.	Heiner GG, Fatima N, McCrumb FR Jr	WHO: 10665/67491
1972	WHO/SE/72.34	Persistence of facial scars of smallpox in West African populations	Foster SO	WHO: 10665/67492
1972	WHO/SE/72.35	Case fatality ratios in smallpox	Shafa E	WHO: 10665/67493
1972	WHO/SE/72.36	Simultaneous administration of several antigens	Millar JD, Foster SO, Foege WH	WHO: 10665/67494
1972	WHO/SE/72.37	Report on a survey to determine the status of smallpox and levels of smallpox immunity	Hiriart JJ, da Silveira CM	WHO: 10665/67498
1972	WHO/SE/72.38	Paraguay: report on a survey to determine the status of smallpox and levels of smallpox immunity		WHO: 10665/67499
1972	WHO/SE/72.39	Smallpox vaccination in atopic children	Neff JM	WHO: 10665/67500
1972	WHO/SE/72.40	Infected inanimate objects (fomites) and their role in transmission of smallpox	Rao AR	WHO: 10665/67501
1972	WHO/SE/72.41	Smallpox transmission on a bus	Suleimanov GD, Mandokhel KK	WHO: 10665/67502
1972	WHO/SE/72.42 Rev 1	Smallpox Eradication unit: selected references available upon request		WHO: 10665/67504
1972	WHO/SE/72.43	Potency testing of smallpox vaccine	Hekker AC, Bos JM	WHO: 10665/67505
1972	WHO/SE/72.44	Evaluation of virological laboratory methods for smallpox diagnosis	Nakano JH	WHO: 10665/68106
1972	WHO/SE/72.45	Costs associated with the protection of the United States against smallpox	Axnick NW, Lane JM	WHO: 10665/67508
1972	WHO/SE/72.46	Smallpox vaccination reactions, prophylaxis and therapy of complications	Goldstein JA, Neff JM, Lane JM	WHO: 10665/67511
1972	WHO/SE/72.47	Follow-up study of smallpox vaccination in the newborn	Lakhanpal U	WHO: 10665/67513
1972	WHO/SE/72.48	A report from Gemu-Gofa Province, Ethiopia	Tilahun G, Mondaw K, Kraushaar MD, Holmberg MS	WHO: 10665/67515
1972	WHO/SE/72.49	Potency and stability characteristics of smallpox vaccine used in the smallpox eradication programme in Western and West-central Africa	Bernstein A, Bierly MZ Jr	WHO: 10665/67517
1973	WHO/SE/73.50	Active search operations for smallpox: An Ethiopian experience	de Quadros CA, Weithaler KL, Siemon J	WHO: 10665/67519
1973	WHO/SE/73.51	Smallpox eradication campaign: Brazil situation in 1972	do Amaral C Jr, Ponce de Leon J, Macedo Filho A, de Lemos AL, Varela FG	WHO: 10665/67521
1973	WHO/SE/73.52	A national reporting system in Brazil	de Lemos AL, de Souza OR	WHO: 10665/67523
1973	WHO/SE/73.53	The eradication of smallpox—The critical year ahead	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/67525
1973	WHO/SE/73.54	Camelpox virus (Properties, differentiation from related viruses of the pox group)	Marennikova SS, Shenkman LS, Akatova-Shelukhina EM, Maltseva NN	WHO: 10665/67527
1973	WHO/SE/73.55	The status of smallpox vaccination: A brief for discontinuing routine vaccination	Langmuir AD	WHO: 10665/67613
1973	WHO/SE/73.56	Smallpox vaccination before the age of 3 months: Evaluation of safety	Espmark JA, Rabo E, Heller L	WHO: 10665/67615
1973	WHO/SE/73.57	Epidemiologic aspects of smallpox in Yugoslavia in 1972	Litvinjenko S, Arsić B, Borjanović S	WHO: 10665/67617
1973	WHO/SE/73.58	The case for continued smallpox vaccination	Benenson AS	WHO: 10665/67619
1973	WHO/SE/73.59	Dead men tell no tales. (An account of a recent smallpox outbreak in Afghanistan)	Rangaraj AG	WHO: 10665/67621
1973	WHO/SE/73.60	Active search operations: Equatoria Province, Sudan	Lepkowski J, Suleiman OHM, Osman AHS	WHO: 10665/67623
1973	WHO/SE/73.61	A possible relationship between human pathogenicity of smallpox vaccines and virus growth at elevated temperatures	Baxby D	WHO: 10665/67625
1974	WHO/SE/74.62	Importations of smallpox into Europe 1961-1973	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/67627
1974	WHO/SE/74.63	Indonesia 1972: Some smallpox surveillance patterns	Cuboni GGO, Emmet W, Rai NK, Karyadi A, Setiady IF	WHO: 10665/67629
1974	WHO/SE/74.64	Smallpox epidemic in a Brazilian community	da Costa EA, Morris L	WHO: 10665/67631
1974	WHO/SE/74.65	A field day for smallpox in Sibpur, Bangladesh	Rangaraj AG, Yusuf MA	WHO: 10665/67634
1974	WHO/SE/74.66	Indonesia 1971/72: Smallpox vaccinators as surveillance workers	Cuboni GGO, Emmet W, Koswara PA, Rai NK, Karyadi A, Setiady IF	WHO: 10665/67636
1974	WHO/SE/74.67	The mystery of the smallpox cases in the Lafit Mountains, Equatoria Provinces, Sudan	Bassett DC, Kibaida G, Osman AHS	WHO: 10665/67638
1974	WHO/SE/74.68	Report of the WHO International Commission on Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Indonesia, 25 April 1974		WHO: 10665/67640
1974	WHO/SE/74.69	A persistent focus of smallpox in Botswana, 1973	Presthus GT, Sibiya JB	WHO: 10665/67642
1974	WHO/SE/74.70	Virus content of smallpox scabs on different days of illness	Mitra AC, Sarkar JK, Mukherjee MK	WHO: 10665/67644
1974	WHO/SE/74.71	The smallpox eradication programme in Nepal	Shrestha PN, Sathianathan M, Friedman J	WHO: 10665/67646
1975	WHO/SE/75.72	An account of operations in Gishe Woreda, Ethiopia	Barrashand W, Kaplan L	WHO: 10665/68170
1975	WHO/SE/75.73	Pattern of intrafamilial transmission of smallpox in the city of Calcutta	Mukherjee MK, Sarkar JK, Mitra AC	WHO: 10665/68172
1975	WHO/SE/75.74	Epidemiological implications of the typing of variola isolates	Dumbell KR, Huq F	WHO: 10665/68174
1975	WHO/SE/75.75	The experience of Kurara PHC, Hamirpur District, Jhansi Division in the organization and development of the smallpox eradication campaign	Usmani SHA, Slepushkin AN	WHO: 10665/68176
1975	WHO/SE/75.76	Surveillance of smallpox	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/68178
1975	WHO/SE/75.77	Farewell to Sitala Mayya	Hassan SH	WHO: 10665/68180
*1976	Monkeypox and whitepox viruses in West and Central Africa.	Arita I, Henderson DA	WHO/SE/76.78 and Bull WHO 1976 53(4): 347-353	WHO: 10665/68182 PMC: PMC2366520
1976	WHO/SE/76.79	Smallpox surveillance in remote and inaccessible areas of India	Ježek Z, Arora RR, Arya ZS, Hussain Z	WHO: 10665/68184
1976	WHO/SE/76.80	Operation Smallpox Zero	Ježek Z, Basu RN	WHO: 10665/68186
1976	WHO/SE/76.81	Assessment of Ladakh smallpox eradication programme activities	Ježek Z, Kanth MH	WHO: 10665/68188
1976	WHO/SE/76.82	Search at the weekly markets for detection of smallpox outbreaks which occurred during previous years	Khodakevich LN, Narayana Rao H	WHO: 10665/68190
1976	WHO/SE/76.83 Corr	The eradication of smallpox [and corrigendum]	Fenner F	WHO: 10665/68192
1976	WHO/SE/76.84	The last known outbreak of smallpox in India	Ježek Z, Das MN, Das A, Aggarwal ML, Arya ZS	WHO: 10665/68195
1976	WHO/SE/76.85 Corr 1	Freedom from smallpox. Case histories on four countries where cases were missed for extended periods [and corrigendum]	Henderson DA	WHO: 10665/70473
1976	WHO/SE/76.85 Annex I	A persistent focus of smallpox in Botswana, 1973	Presthus GT, Sibiya JM	WHO: 10665/70473
1976	WHO/SE/76.85 Annex II	"Tangerang-Pandeglang", the last smallpox outbreak in Indonesia	Cuboni GGO, Emmet WLR, Karyadi A, Koswars PA, Rai NK, Setiady IF	WHO: 10665/70473
1970	WHO/SE/76.85 Annex III	Recurrence of smallpox in Nigeria 1970	Foege WH	WHO: 10665/70473
1976	WHO/SE/76.86	Chickenpox in Kerala	White E	WHO: 10665/68199
1976	WHO/SE/76.87	Contribution to the problem of challenge vaccination: Observations on vaccination of cured smallpox cases in India in 1971, 1972 and in 1973	Zikmund V, Das N, Krishnayengar R, Kameswara Rao B	WHO: 10665/68201
1976	WHO/SE/76.88	Bangladesh smallpox eradication programme, Mohakhali, Dacca		WHO: 10665/68203
1977	WHO/SE/77.89	Report of the International Commission for the Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Afghanistan		WHO: 10665/68206
1977	WHO/SE/77.90	Report of the International Commission for the Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Pakistan		WHO: 10665/68208
1977	WHO/SE/77.91	Summary of the contributions of the smallpox programme to other health programmes through surveys in Bangladesh		WHO: 10665/68210
1977	WHO/SE/77.92	Variolation in the Rajasthan Desert	Davis C	WHO: 10665/68212
1977	WHO/SE/77.93	Viability of variola virus in crusts at different temperatures and humidities	Huq F	WHO: 10665/68214
1977	WHO/SE/77.94	Surveillance at weekly markets in the smallpox eradication programme in India	Basu RN, Khodakevich LN	WHO: 10665/68216
1977	WHO/SE/77.95	The National Commission for Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Programme in India	Basu RN, Khodakevich LN	WHO: 10665/68218
1977	WHO/SE/77.96	Reinvestigation of smallpox outbreaks	Ježek Z, Basu RN, Arya ZS	WHO: 10665/68220
1977	WHO/SE/77.97	Problem of persistence of facial pockmarks among smallpox patients	Ježek Z, Basu RN, Arya ZS	WHO: 10665/68222
1977	WHO/SE/77.98	Report of the Consultation on Worldwide Certification of Smallpox Eradication		WHO: 10665/68224
1977	WHO/SE/77.99	Emergency logistical operation (for containment of the smallpox epidemic in Somalia)	Hauge R, Wickett J	WHO: 10665/68226
1978	WHO/SE/78.100	Smallpox eradication programme in the Republic of Djibouti, 6 November 1977 - 20 December 1977. [Assessment of the present situation and implementation of surveillance activities]	Grasset NC	WHO: 10665/68227
1978	WHO/SE/78.101	Fatality, facial scarring and blindness from smallpox in Bangladesh	Hughes K	WHO: 10665/68229
1978	WHO/SE/78.102	Smallpox pock mark survey in Bangladesh, with an assessment of reporting efficiency	Hughes K, Foster SO, Tarantola D, Joarder AK	WHO: 10665/68230
1978	WHO/SE/78.103	A suspected outbreak of buffalopox in Bangladesh	Tarantola D, Huq F, Hoque FK, Selivanov Y, Wilson C	WHO: 10665/68231
1978	WHO/SE/78.104	Outbreak containment in the Somalia smallpox eradication programme	Deria A, Ježek Z, Foster SO	WHO: 10665/68232
1978	WHO/SE/78.105	Smallpox transmission in an isolated nomadic group	Foster SO, Abdulgadir HES, Kamaluddin HA	WHO: 10665/68233
1978	WHO/SE/78.106	The certification of smallpox eradication in countries without recent reported endemic transmission	Brilliant LB, Khodakevich LN	WHO: 10665/68234
1978	WHO/SE/78.107	Smallpox eradication in Nepal	Shrestha PN	WHO: 10665/68235
1978	WHO/SE/78.108	Smallpox eradication programme. Report on a visit to Southern Rhodesia, 10-30 January 1978	Grasset NC, Meiklejohn G	WHO: 10665/68236
1978	WHO/SE/78.109	Report on a visit to Thailand in preparation for the certification of smallpox eradication, May 1978	Basu RN	WHO: 10665/68237
1978	WHO/SE/78.110	Report on facial pockmark and vaccination scar surveys, Southern Rhodesia, February - April 1978. Summary of results of specimen testing by WHO Reference Laboratory	Govt Health Services, Southern Rhodesia	WHO: 10665/68238
1978	WHO/SE/78.111	Report to the members of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Syrian Arab Republic	Min of Health, Syrian Arab Republic; WHO	WHO: 10665/68240
1978	WHO/SE/78.112	Poxvirus infections in humans following abandonment of smallpox vaccination	Breman JG, Arita I	WHO: 10665/68241
1978	WHO/SE/78.113	Smallpox eradication in Thailand. [Statement to the Global Commision for the Certification of Eradication of Smallpox]	Min of Public Health, Govt of Thailand; WHO	WHO: 10665/68243
1978	WHO/SE/78.114	Report to the members of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Iraq	Min of Health, Iraq; WHO	WHO: 10665/68244
1978	WHO/SE/78.115 Corr. 1	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Bahrain. Corrigendum	Min of Health, Bahrain; WHO	WHO: 10665/68246
1978	WHO/SE/78.116 Corr.1	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Qatar	Min of Health, Qatar; WHO	WHO: 10665/68248
1978	WHO/SE/78.117	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Oman	Min of Health, Oman; WHO	WHO: 10665/68249
1978	WHO/SE/78.118 Corr.1	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, United Arab Emirates. Corrigendum	Min of Health, United Arab Emirates; WHO	WHO: 10665/68251
1978	WHO/SE/78.119	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Kuwait	Min of Health, Kuwait; WHO	WHO: 10665/68252
1978	WHO/SE/78.119 Add.1	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Kuwait. Addendum	Min of Health, Kuwait; WHO	WHO: 10665/68253
1978	WHO/SE/78.120	Smallpox eradication in Iran	Imperial Min of Health and Welfare, Govt of Iran; WHO	WHO: 10665/67650
1978	WHO/SE/78.121 Corr.1	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication on the smallpox-free status of the Arab countries of the Gulf Area	Rangaraj AG	WHO: 10665/68254
1978	WHO/SE/78.122	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Saudi Arabia	Min of Health, Saudi Arabia; WHO	WHO: 10665/68255
1978	WHO/SE/78.123	A smallpox outbreak in Merka town, Somalia		WHO: 10665/68256
1978	WHO/SE/78.124	Final report on the smallpox situation in Madagascar	Islam Z	WHO: 10665/68257
1978	WHO/SE/78.125	The Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Status report on the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen	Min of Public Health, People's Dem Rep of Yemen; WHO	WHO: 10665/68258
1978	WHO/SE/78.126	Visit report of the members of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Syrian Arab Republic, 15-22 October 1978		WHO: 10665/68259
1978	WHO/SE/78.127	Visit report of the members of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Iraq, 5-15 October 1978		WHO: 10665/68260
1978	WHO/SE/78.128	Smallpox eradication in Somalia: Status report, 1 Oct 1978		WHO: 10665/68266
1978	WHO/SE/78.129	The special programme to confirm smallpox eradication in Iran	Brilliant LB	WHO: 10665/68261
1978	WHO/SE/78.130	Smallpox vaccination certificate requirements for international travellers and status of smallpox vaccination according to national health legislation, Parts A & B	Gromyko AI	WHO: 10665/68262
1978	WHO/SE/78.131	Residual skin changes in patients who have recovered from variola minor	Ježek Z, Hardjotanojo W	WHO: 10665/68263
1978	WHO/SE/78.132	Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 1st meeting, 4-7 December 1978		WHO: 10665/68264
1978	WHO/SE/78.133	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam	Min of Health, Socialist Rep of Viet Nam; WHO, Western Pacific Regional Office	WHO: 10665/68265
1979	WHO/SE/79.134	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Sudan, 15-29 November 1978		WHO: 10665/68267
1979	WHO/SE/79.135	Report of Consultation on the Justification for Retention and Use of Variola Virus in the Post Eradication Era		WHO: 10665/68268
1979	WHO/SE/79.136	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, April 1979	Min of Health, People's Dem Rep of Yemen; WHO	WHO: 10665/68269
1979	WHO/SE/79.137	Report of Meeting of Officials from Laboratories retaining Variola Virus and National Control Authorities Concerned, 23-24 April 1979		WHO: 10665/68270
1979	WHO/SE/79.138	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Yemen Arab Republic, June 1979	Min of Health, Yemen Arab Republic; WHO (Steinglass RC)	WHO: 10665/68271
1979	WHO/SE/79.139	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Yemen Arab Republic, 2-10 June 1979		WHO: 10665/68272
1979	WHO/SE/79.140	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, 3-11 June 1979		WHO: 10665/68273
1979	WHO/SE/79.141	Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Kenya	Min of Health, Kenya; WHO	WHO: 10665/68274
1979	WHO/SE/79.142 Rev 1	Smallpox eradication in China. Report submitted to WHO, 31 Jul 1979	Govt of People's Rep of China	WHO: 10665/68275
1979	WHO/SE/79.143	Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Republic of Djibouti. October 1979	Min of Health, Rep of Djibouti; WHO (Ryst JP)	WHO: 10665/68276
1979	WHO/SE/79.144	Smallpox Eradication in Ethiopia. Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication	Min of Health, Ethiopia; WHO (Tekeste Y, Hailu A, do Amaral C Jr, Arbani PR, Khodakevich LN, Ward NA; Wickett J, ed)	WHO: 10665/68277
1979	WHO/SE/79.145	Smallpox eradication in Somalia. Report to the International Commission on the Smallpox Eradication Programme in Somalia	Min of Health, Somalia (Deria A); WHO (Ježek Z, Al Aghbari MK, Hatfield R, Tulloch J, ed)	WHO: 10665/68278
1979	WHO/SE/79.146	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Somalia, 1-21 October 1979	.	WHO: 10665/68279
1979	WHO/SE/79.147	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Djibouti, 9-18 October 1979		WHO: 10665/68280
1979	WHO/SE/79.148	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Ethiopia, 1-17 October 1979		WHO: 10665/68281
1979	WHO/SE/79.149	Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Kenya, 1-19 October 1979		WHO: 10665/68282
1979	WHO/SE/79.150	Joint Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Countries of the Horn of Africa, Nairobi, 26 October 1979	Rangaraj AG	WHO: 10665/68283
1979	WHO/SE/79.151	Smallpox eradication in the Autonomous Region of Tibet in the People's Republic of China	Govt of People's Rep of China	WHO: 10665/68284
1979	WHO/SE/79.152	The Achievement of Global Eradication of Smallpox : Final Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication		WHO: 10665/68285
1980	WHO/SE/80.153	Human monkeypox, 1970-1979	Breman JG, Kalisa-Ruti, Steniowski MV, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I	WHO: 10665/67095
1980	WHO/SE/80.154	Monkeypox virus as a potential source of variola virus	Fenner F, Dumbell KR, Marennikova SS, Nakano JH	WHO: 10665/67097
1980	WHO/SE/80.155	Vehicle maintenance in the smallpox eradication programme in Somalia, 1977-1979	Hatfield R	WHO: 10665/67098
1980	WHO/SE/80.156	The confirmation and maintenance of smallpox eradication	Breman JG, Arita I	WHO: 10665/67099
1980	WHO/SE/80.157 Rev 1	Management of suspected cases of smallpox in the post-eradication period	Smallpox unit, WHO	WHO: 10665/67100
1980	WHO/SE/80.158 Rev 1	Management of reserve stocks of vaccine in the post-smallpox eradication era	Smallpox unit, WHO	WHO: 10665/67102
1981	WHO/SE/81.159	Report of meeting on the implementation of post-smallpox eradication policy		WHO: 10665/67103
1982	WHO/SE/82.160	Report of the 1st meeting, WHO Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections		WHO: 10665/67104
1983	WHO/SE/83.161	Report of the 2nd meeting, WHO Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections		WHO:
1984	WHO/SE/84.162	Report of the 3rd meeting, WHO Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections		WHO: 10665/67105

WHO Journals

Year	Title	Authors	Source	URL
1968	[Smallpox and ABO blood groups in the Congo] French	Lambotte C	Bull WHO 1968 38(2): 321-2	PMC: PMC2554317
1968	The survival of smallpox virus (variola minor) in natural circumstances	Wolff HL, Croon JJ	Bull WHO 1968 38(3): 492-3	PMC: PMC2554478
1968	Smallpox and monkeypox in non-human primates	Arita I, Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1968 39(2): 277-83	PMC: PMC2554549
1968	The effect of measles infection and of vaccination with certain live vaccines upon humoral immunity to smallpox	Marennikova SS, Askerov VF	Bull WHO 1968 39(2): 299-306	PMC: PMC2554548
1968	A study of immunity to smallpox in persons who have experienced a previous attack	Vichniakov VE	Bull WHO 1968 39(3): 433-7	PMC: PMC2554405
1969	Transmission of smallpox by contact and by aerosol routes in Macaca irus	Noble J Jr, Rich JA	Bull WHO 1969 40(2): 279-86	PMC: PMC2554603
1969	Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. I. Introduction, background and results of pilot studies	Millar JD, Roberto RR, Wulff H, Wenner HA, Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1969 41(6): 749-60	PMC: PMC2427579
1969	Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. 2. Cutaneous and serological responses to primary vaccination in children	Roberto RR, Wulff H, Millar JD	Bull WHO 1969 41(6): 761-9	PMC: PMC2427591
1969	Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. 3. Evaluation in a well-vaccinated population	Neff JM, Millar JD, Roberto RR, Wulff H	Bull WHO 1969 41(6): 771-8	PMC: PMC2427577
1970	Comparative studies of smallpox vaccination by the bifurcated needle and rotary lancet techniques	Pattanayak S, Arora DD, Sehgal CL, Raghavan NG, Topa PK, Subrahmanyam YK	Bull WHO 1970 42(2):305-10	PMC: PMC2427438
1970	A study of New and Old World monkeys to determine the likelihood of a simian reservoir of smallpox	Noble J Jr	Bull WHO 1970 42(4): 509-14	PMC: PMC2427462
1970	The international standard for anti-smallpox serum	Anderson SG, Skegg J	Bull WHO 1970 42(4): 515-23	PMC: PMC2427467
1970	Contribution of the French Territory of Afars and Issas to smallpox control in East Africa French	Courtois D	Bull WHO 1970 42(4): 635-638 [French]	PMC: PMC2427473
1970	An airborne outbreak of smallpox in a German hospital and its significance with respect to other recent outbreaks in Europe	Wehrle PF, Posch J, Richter KH, Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1970 43(5): 669-79	PMC: PMC2427800
1970	Smallpox eradication in Brazil, 1967-69	de Carvalho Filho ES, Morris L, de Lemos AL, Ponce de Leon J, Escobar A, da Silva OJ	Bull WHO 1970 43(6):797-807	PMC: PMC2427806
1971	A gel-precipitin test for the diagnosis of varicella	Brunell PA, Cohen BH, Granat M	Bull WHO 1971 44(6): 811-4	PMC: PMC2427864
1972	Assay of neutralizing antibody against variola virus by the degree of focus reduction on HeLa cell cultures and its application to revaccination with smallpox vaccines of various potencies	Kitamura T, Shinjo N	Bull WHO 1972 46(1): 15-26	PMC: PMC2480629
1972	Some factors determining differences in the antigenicity of vaccinia virus strains	Marennikova SS, Climiskjan KL, Senkman LS, Macevic GR	Bull WHO 1972 46(2): 159-163	PMC: PMC2480707
1972	Epidemiology of variola minor in Brazil based on a study of 33 outbreaks	de Quadros CA, Morris L, da Costa EA, Arnt N, Tigre CH	Bull WHO 1972 46(2):165-71	PMC: PMC2480711
1972	Human monkeypox	Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM,Lourie B, Moser CR, Cummings EC, Kuteyi OEK, Eke REA, Titus JB, Ademola Smith E, Hicks JW, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 569–576	PMC: PMC2480784
1972	Studies on monkeypox virus	Rondle CJ, Sayeed KA	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 577–583	PMC: PMC2480793
1972	"White" poxvirus strains from monkeys	Gispen R, Brand-Saathof B	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 585–592	PMC: PMC2480799
1972	A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo	Ladnyi ID, Ziegler P, Kima E	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 593–597	PMC: PMC2480792
1972	Isolation and properties of the causal agent of a new variola-like disease (monkeypox) in man	Marennikova SS, Seluhina EM, Mal'ceva NN, Cimiskjan KL, Macevic GR	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 599-611	PMC: PMC2480798
1972	Poxviruses isolated from clinically ill and asymptomatically infected monkeys and a chimpanzee	Marennikova SS, Seluhina EM, Mal'ceva NN, Ladnyi ID	Bull WHO 1972 46(5): 613–620	PMC: PMC2480788
1972	Outbreaks of monkeypox and serological surveys in nonhuman primates	Arita I, Gispen R, Kalter SS, Wah LT, Marennikova SS, Netter R, Tagaya I	Bull WHO 1972 46(5):625–631.	PMC: PMC2480785
1972	Human infection with monkeypox virus: Laboratory investigation of six cases in West Africa	Lourie B, Bingham PG, Evans HH, Foster SO, Nakano JH, Herrmann KL	Bull WHO 1972 46(5):633–639	PMC: PMC2480791
1972	The effect of residual moisture in lyophilized smallpox vaccine on its stability at different temperatures	Sparkes JD, Fenje P	Bull WHO 1972 46(6):729-34	PMC: PMC2480867
1972	A gas chromatographic method of measuring residual water in freeze-dried smallpox vaccine	Robinson LC	Bull WHO 1972 47(1):7-11	PMC: PMC2480811
1972	Cutaneous responses to smallpox revaccination with calf lymph and the effect of fluorocarbon purification of the vaccine	Polak MF, Huisman J, Bos JM, Hekker AC	Bull WHO 1972 47(2): 185-94	PMC: PMC2480893
1972	An unusual poxvirus from Nigeria	Bourke AT, Dumbell KR	Bull WHO 197246(5):621–623.	PMC: PMC2480787
1973	Simultaneous administration of smallpox, measles, yellow fever, and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus antigens to Nigerian children	Ruben FL, Smith EA, Foster SO, Casey HL, Pifer JM, Wallace RB, Atta AI, Jones WL, Arnold RB, Teller BE, Shaikh ZQ, Lourie B, Eddins DL, Doko SM, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2): 175-81	PMC: PMC2481001
1973	Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa [Northern Nigeria, Western Nigeria, Niger, Dahomey, Togo]	Henderson RH, Davis H, Eddins DL, Foege WH	Bull WHO 1973 48(2): 183-94	PMC: PMC2481004
1973	Smallpox vaccination immunity in relation to number of insertions	Nyerges G, Erdos L, Melly F	Bull WHO 1973 48(4): 397-400	PMC: PMC2481099
1973	Differential diagnosis of variola viruses by microfocus assay	Kitamura T, Tanaka Y	Bull WHO 1973 48(4): 495-7	PMC: PMC2481097
1973	Virus excretion in smallpox. 1. Excretion in the throat, urine, and conjunctiva of patients	Sarkar JK, Mitra AC, Mukherjee MK, De SK, Mazumdar DG	Bull WHO 1973 48(5): 517-22	PMC: PMC2482928
1973	Virus excretion in smallpox. 2. Excretion in the throats of household contacts	Sarkar JK, Mitra AC, Mukherjee MK, De SK	Bull WHO 1973 48(5): 523-7	PMC: PMC2482939
1972	Evaluation of virological laboratory methods for smallpox diagnosis	Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1973 48(5): 529-34	PMC: PMC2482932
1973	Some observations on the communicable diseases as public health problems	Cockburn WC, Assaad F	Bull WHO 1973 49(1): 1-12	PMC: PMC2481077
1973	Assay of variola virus on microtiter plates and its application to the neutralization test	Kitamura T, Tanaka Y	Bull WHO 1973 49(3): 251-6	PMC: PMC2481152
1973	Evaluation of the precipitation-in-gel reaction in the diagnosis of smallpox	Mitra AC, Sarkar JK, Mukherjee MK, Chakravarty MS	Bull WHO 1973 49(6): 555-8	PMC: PMC2481019
1974	Virus content of smallpox scabs	Mitra AC, Sarkar JK, Mukherjee MK	Bull WHO 1974 51(1): 106-7	PMC: PMC2366245
1975	Pattern of intrafamilial transmission of smallpox in Calcutta, India	Mukherjee MK, Sarkar JK, Mitra AC	Bull WHO 1974 51(3):219-25	PMC: PMC2366277
1975	Experimental study of the role of inactivated vaccine in two-step vaccination against smallpox	Marennikova SS, Macevic GR	Bull WHO 1975 52(1): 51-6	PMC: PMC2366348
1975	Smallpox eradication in West and Central Africa	Foege WH, Millar JD, Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1975 52(2): 209-22	PMC: PMC2366358
1975	The minimum protective level of antibodies in smallpox	Sarkar JK, Mitra AC, Mukherjee MK	Bull WHO 1975 52(3): 307-11	PMC: PMC2366379
1975	Clinical observations on smallpox: A study of 1233 patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, during 1973	Guha Mazumder DN, Mitra AC, Mukherjee MK	Bull WHO 1975 52(3):301-6	PMC: PMC2366378
1976	Susceptibility of some rodent species to monkeypox virus, and course of the infection	Marennikova SS, Seluhina EM	Bull WHO 1976 53(1): 13-20	PMC: PMC2366409
1976	Monkeypox and whitepox viruses in West and Central Africa.	Arita I, Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1976 53(4): 347-353	PMC: PMC2366520
1976	Monkeypox-specific antibodies in human and simian sera from the Ivory Coast and Nigeria	Gispen R, Brand-Saathof BB, Hekker AC	Bull WHO 1976 53(4): 355-60	PMC: PMC2366533
1976	Concurrent smallpox and chickenpox	Sarkar JK, Mitra AC, Mukherjee MK, Dumbell KR, Almeida JD	Bull WHO 1976 54(1):119-20	PMC: PMC2366456
1976	Poxvirus infection of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus)	Heberling RL, Kalter SS, Rodriguez AR	Bull WHO 1976 54(3): 285-94	PMC: PMC2366576
1976	Large-scale use of freeze-dried smallpox vaccine prepared in primary cultures of rabbit kidney cells	Hekker AC, Bos JM, Rai NK, Keja J, Cuboni G, Emmet B, Djalins J	Bull WHO 1976 54(3):279-84	PMC: PMC2366578
1976	Effect of temperature and relative humidity on variola virus in crusts	Huq F	Bull WHO 1976 54(6): 710-2	PMC: PMC2366597
1977	Disease control and prevention in the 20th century: the role of immunization	Cockburn WC	Bull WHO 1977 55 Suppl 2(Suppl 2): 3-18	PMC: PMC2367087
1977	Poxvirus in West African nonhuman primates: Serological survey results	Breman JG, Bernadou J, Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1977 55(5): 605-12	PMC: PMC2366701
1977	Differentiation of variola, monkeypox, and vaccinia antisera by radioimmunoassay	Hutchinson HD, Ziegler DW, Wells DE, Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1977 55(5): 613-23	PMC: PMC2366687
1978	Certification of smallpox eradication	Brilliant LB, Hodakevic LN	Bull WHO 1978 56(5): 722-33	PMC: PMC2395660
1979	[Evaluation of the antivariola vaccination policy] French	Arita I, Breman JG	Bull WHO 1979 57(2): 195-205	PMC: PMC2395780
1979	Evaluation of smallpox vaccination policy	Arita I, Breman JG	Bull WHO 1979 57(1): 1-9	PMC: PMC2395746
1979	Nutritional deficiency and susceptibility to infection	Chandra RK	Bull WHO 1979 57(2): 167-77	PMC: PMC2395775
1979	Field and experimental studies of poxvirus infections in rodents	Marennikova SS	Bull WHO 1979 57(3): 461-4	PMC: PMC2395816
1979	Experimental smallpox in chimpanzees	Kalter SS, Rodriguez AR, Cummins LB, Heberling RL, Foster SO	Bull WHO 1979 57(4): 637-41	PMC: PMC2395827
1980	A study of the specificities of sequential antisera to variola and monkeypox viruses by radioimmunoassay	Walls HH, Ziegler DW, Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1980 58(1): 131-8	PMC: PMC2395887
1980	Residual skin changes in patients who have recovered from variola minor	Jezek Z, Hardjotanojo W	Bull WHO 1980 58(1): 139-40	PMC: PMC2395885
1980	Human monkeypox, 1970-79	Breman JG, Kalisa-Ruti, Steniowski V, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I	Bull WHO 1980 58(2): 165-82	PMC: PMC2395797
1980	The world's last endemic case of smallpox: Surveillance and containment measures	Deria A, Jezek Z, Markvart K, Carrasco P, Weisfeld J	Bull WHO 1980 58(2): 279-83	PMC: PMC2395794
1981	Occupationally-acquired smallpox in an IgM-deficient health worker	Brilliant LB, Nakano JH, Kitamura T, Hodakevic LN, Bharucha PB	Bull WHO 1981 59(1):99-106	PMC: PMC2396026
1981	Characterization of antibodies to orthopoxviruses in human sera by radioimmunoassay	Walls HH, Ziegler DW, Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1981 59(2): 253-62	PMC: PMC2396048
1981	ELISA--a simple test for detecting and differentiating antibodies to closely related orthopoxviruses	Marennikova SS, Malceva NN, Habahpaseva NA	Bull WHO 1981 59(3): 365-9	PMC: PMC2396072
1981	The eradication of smallpox in Shanghai, China, October 1950-July 1951	Xu H, Jiang Y	Bull WHO 1981 59(6): 913-7	PMC: PMC2396138
1982	Surveillance of orthopoxvirus infections, and associated research, in the period after smallpox eradication	Arita I, Gromyko A	Bull WHO 1982 60(3): 367-75	PMC: PMC2536002
1982	Enzyme studies for the characterization of some orthopoxvirus isolates	Bedson HS	Bull WHO 1982 60(3): 377-80	PMC: PMC2535991
1982	Laboratory investigation of two "whitepox" viruses and comparison with two variola strains from southern India	Dumbell KR, Kapsenberg JG	Bull WHO 1982 60(3): 381-7	PMC: PMC2536000
1984	The current status of human monkeypox: memorandum from a WHO meeting		Bull WHO 1984 62(5): 703-13	PMC: PMC2536211
1985	Human tanapox in Zaire: clinical and epidemiological observations on cases confirmed by laboratory studies	Jezek Z, Arita I, Szczeniowski M, Paluku KM, Ruti K, Nakano JH	Bull WHO 1985 63(6): 1027-35	PMC: PMC2536461
1985	Can variola-like viruses be derived from monkeypox virus? An investigation based on DNA mapping	Esposito JJ, Nakano JH, Obijeski JF	Bull WHO 1985 63(4): 695-703	PMC: PMC2536370
1987	Smallpox and its post-eradication surveillance	Jezek Z, Khodakevich LN, Wickett JF	Bull WHO 1987 65(4): 425-34	PMC: PMC2491031
1987	Principles and lessons from the smallpox eradication programme.	Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1987 65(4): 535-546	PMC: PMC2491023
1988	Clinico-epidemiological features of monkeypox patients with an animal or human source of infection	Jezek Z, Grab B, Szczeniowski M, Paluku KM, Mutombo M	Bull WHO 1988 66(4): 459-64	PMC: PMC2491168
1988	Human monkeypox: secondary attack rates	Jezek Z, Grab B, Szczeniowski MV, Paluku KM, Mutombo M	Bull WHO 1988 66(4): 465-70	PMC: PMC2491159
1988	Monkeypox virus: Ecology and public health significance	Khodakevich L, Jezek Z, Messinger D	Bull WHO 1988 66: 747-752	PMC: PMC2491157
1994	Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of variola virus genomes		Bull WHO 1994 72(5): 813-47-8	PMC: PMC2486546
1994	Destruction of variola virus: Memorandum. Based on the report of a meeting of the Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections, Geneva, 9 Sep 1994		Bull WHO 1994 72(6): 841-844	PMC: PMC2486726
1998	Eradication: Lessons from the past Conference on Global Disease Elimination and Eradication as Public Health Strategies, Atlanta GA, Feb 1998	Henderson DA	Bull WHO 1998 76(Suppl 2) [Reprinted in: MMWR 1999(SU01):16-22]	PMC: PMC2305707
1998	Candidate viral diseases for elimination or eradication	Fenner F	Bull WHO 1998 76 Suppl 2(Suppl 2): 68-70	PMC: PMC2305659
1998	Commentary: Smallpox eradication in west and central Africa revisited	Foege WH	Bull WHO 1998 76(3): 233-5	PMC: PMC2305707
2004	Eradication versus control: The economics of global infectious disease policies	Barrett S	Bull WHO 2004 82(9): 683-8	PMC: PMC2622975
2008	Smallpox: dispelling the myths [Interview]	Henderson DA	Bull WHO 2008 86(12): 917-9	DOI: 10.2471/blt.08.041208 PMC: PMC2649583