International Commissions conducted rigorous certification procedures in countries that were endemic at the beginning of the Smallpox Eradication Programme in 1967, or had become endemic since then. For all countries except Iraq and Syria, where the Global Commission required additional information, certification occurred at the end of the meeting dates shown.
Detailed country procedures: Smallpox and Its Eradication, Chapters 24-26. International Commission members: Chapter 24, pp 1140-6.
1978 | Methodology for preparation of appropriate data for the 31 countries remaining to be certified free of smallpox | Smallpox unit, WHO | SME/78.6 | |
1980 | Places visited and persons examined in preparation for and during visits by International Comm for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication | Smallpox unit, WHO | SME/80.4 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Paraguay | SE/WP/71.18 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Argentina | SE/WP/71.25 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru | SE/WP/71.27 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Bolivia | SE/WP/71.29 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Brazil, Chile | SE/WP/71.48 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Venezuela | SE/WP/71.51 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Suriname, Uruguay | SE/WP/71.56 | |
1971 | Report to the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas: Guyana | SE/WP/71.58 | |
1973 | Report of the Commission for the Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Program in the Americas | PAHO/CD.22.19 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1974 | Report of the WHO International Commission on Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Indonesia, 25 April 1974 | WHO/SE/74.68 |
Countries included: Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo and Upper Volta (Burkina Faso)
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1976 | Variolation in Punjab Report for the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Pakistan |
Ullah IC | PAK/PUN/WP/76.12 | |
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Afghanistan | WHO/SE/77.89 | ||
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Pakistan | WHO/SE/77.90 |
Countries included: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Zaire (DR Congo)
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi | SE/CAC/77.1 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: United Republic of Cameroon | SE/CAC/77.2 | |
1977 | >Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Central African Republic | SE/CAC/77.4 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Chad | SE/CAC/77.8 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Congo | SE/CAC/77.3 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Equatorial Guinea | SE/CAC/77.6 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Gabon | SE/CAC/77.5 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Rwanda | SE/CAC/77.7 | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Zaire (DR Congo) | SE/CAC/77.9 | |
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Rwanda, United Republic of Cameroon, Zaire | AFR/Smallpox/86 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in India | SEA/Smallpox/77 | ||
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in India | SEA/Smallpox/78 Indian J Public Health 1978 22(1):8-15 |
||
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Nepal | SEA/Smallpox/79 | ||
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Bhutan | SEA/Smallpox/80 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Burma | SEA/Smallpox/81 | |
1977 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Burma | SEA/Smallpox/83 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1976 | Documentation for International Commission. Bangladesh Smallpox Eradication Programme. Status Report 1 Jun 1976 | DA Henderson personal papers | |
1977 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Bangladesh | SEA/Smallpox/82 | |
1977 | Eradication of smallpox in Bangladesh. Report of the International Smallpox Assessment Commission, 1-14 Dec 1977 | SEA/Smallpox/84 |
Year | Title | Source | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Malawi | SE/SEAC/78.1A, 1B | ||
1978 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Mozambique | SE/SEAC/78.2A, 2B | ||
1978 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Tanzania | SE/SEAC/78.3A, 3B | ||
1978 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia | AFR/Smallpox/87 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1978 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Uganda | SE/UGA/78.1A, 1B | |
1978 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Uganda | AFR/Smallpox/88 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Sudan, 15-29 November 1978 | WHO/SE/79.134 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1979 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Angola | SE/ANG/79.1A,1B | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Angola | AFR/Smallpox/89 |
Year | Title | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
1979 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland | SE/BLS/79.1A, 1B | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland | AFR/Smallpox/90 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, April 1979 | Min of Public Health, People's Dem Rep of Yemen; WHO | WHO/SE/79.136 | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, 3-11 June 1979 | WHO/SE/79.140 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Smallpox eradication in the Yemen Arab Republic: Status report, November 1976 | SME/78.23 | ||
1979 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Yemen Arab Republic, June 1979 | Min of Health, Yemen Arab Republic; WHO (Steinglass RC) | WHO/SE/79.138 | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in the Yemen Arab Republic, 2-10 June 1979 | WHO/SE/79.139 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Republic of Djibouti. October 1979 | Min of Health, Rep of Djibouti; WHO (Ryst JP) | WHO/SE/79.143 | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Djibouti, 9-18 October 1979 | WHO/SE/79.147 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Smallpox Eradication in Ethiopia. Report to the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication | Min of Health, Ethiopia; WHO (Tekeste Y, Hailu A, do Amaral C Jr, Arbani PR, Khodakevich LN, Ward NA; Wickett J, ed) | WHO/SE/79.144 | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for Preliminary Assessment of Smallpox Eradication in Ethiopia, 3-18 April 1978 | SME/79.6 | ||
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Ethiopia, 1-17 October 1979 | WHO/SE/79.148 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Kenya, 1-19 October 1979 | WHO/SE/79.149 |
Year | Title | Author | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Smallpox eradication in Somalia. Report to the International Commission on the Smallpox Eradication Programme in Somalia | Min of Health, Somalia (Deria A); WHO (Ježek Z, Al Aghbari MK, Hatfield R, Tulloch J, ed) | WHO/SE/79.145 | |
1979 | Report of the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication in Somalia, 1-21 October 1979 | WHO/SE/79.146 |
The international credibility of global eradication rested on the assurance that smallpox was absent from all countries. The Director-General of WHO convened a Consultation on Worldwide Certification of Smallpox Eradication. Participants (see Smallpox and It Eradication, Ch 24:1146-7) were 17 experts on epidemiology, virology, and public health administration from 15 countries. The consultation determined that 79 countries required certification by International Commission. Non-endemic countries where importations had occurred or were likely to occur were visited by WHO experts/consultants and/or submitted detailed country reports. These countries are listed below. For detailed country procedures, see Smallpox and Its Eradication, Chapters 26 and 27.
The Consultation recommended establishment of an International Commission for the Global Certification of Smallpox Eradication. The Global Commission included most members of the consultation, almost all of whom had served on International Commissions, as well as other appointees from International Commissions. The Global Commission met first in Dec 1978. At its final meeting in Dec 1979, it certified global smallpox eradication and issued its final report and recommendations for post-eradication activities.
Non-endemic countries not at high risk of importations submitted Declarations of Smallpox-Free Status.
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1977 | Report of the Consultation on Worldwide Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Geneva, Switzerland, 11-13 Oct 1977 | WHO/SE/77.98 | ||
1978 | Methodology for preparation of appropriate data for the 31 countries remaining to be certified free of smallpox | Smallpox unit, WHO | SME/78.6 | |
1978 | Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 1st meeting, 4-7 December 1978 | WHO/SE/78.132 | ||
1979 | The Achievement of Global Eradication of Smallpox : Final Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication | WHO/SE/79.152 | ||
– Summary | Summary of WHO/SE/79.152 |
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Smallpox eradication in Iran | Imperial Min of Health and Welfare, Govt of Iran; WHO | WHO/SE/78.120 | |
1978 | The special programme to confirm smallpox eradication in Iran | Brilliant LB | WHO/SE/78.129 | |
1978 | Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 1st meeting, 4-7 December 1978 | WHO/SE/78.132:7,21 |
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Report on a visit to the Republic of South Africa and Namibia/South West Africa, 19 January - 19 February 1978 | Fenner F | SME/78.14 | |
1978 | Final report on the status of smallpox eradication in Namibia | GC/WP/78.6 | ||
1978 | Smallpox eradication programme. Report on a visit to Southern Rhodesia, 10-30 January 1978 | Grasset NC, Meiklejohn G | WHO/SE/78.108 | |
1978 | Report on facial pockmark and vaccination scar surveys, Southern Rhodesia, February - April 1978. Summary of results of specimen testing by WHO Reference Laboratory | Govt Health Services, Southern Rhodesia | WHO/SE/78.110 | |
1978 | Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 1st meeting, 4-7 December 1978 | WHO/SE/78.132:6,21 |
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Report on a visit to Thailand in preparation for the certification of smallpox eradication, May 1978 | Basu RN | WHO/SE/78.109 | |
1978 | Smallpox eradication in Thailand. [Statement to the Global Commission for the Certification of Eradication of Smallpox] | Min of Public Health, Govt of Thailand; WHO | WHO/SE/78.113 | |
1978 | Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam | Min of Health, Socialist Rep of Viet Nam; WHO, Western Pacific Regional Office | WHO/SE/78.133 | |
1978 | Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication—Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Annex 6 | SME/78.26 | ||
1978 | Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 1st meeting, 4-7 December 1978 | WHO/SE/78.132:7,21 |
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Final report on the smallpox situation in Madagascar | Islam Z | WHO/SE/78.124 | |
1978 | Report on a visit to the Republic of South Africa and Namibia/South West Africa, 19 January - 19 February 1978 | Fenner F | SME/78.14 | |
1979 | Final report on the status of smallpox eradication in South Africa | GC/WP/78.5 | ||
1978 | Final Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Dec 1979 | WHO/SE/79.152 |
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | Report on a visit to Ethiopia by Members of the Global Commission for Smallpox Eradication, 31 May - 15 June 1978 | Dumbell KR, Shrestha P | SME/78.11 | |
1979 | Report to the Global Commission for Certification of Smallpox Eradication: Kenya | Min of Health, Kenya; WHO | WHO/SE/79.141 | |
1978 | Smallpox eradication in Somalia: Status report, 1 Oct 1978 | WHO/SE/78.128 | ||
1978 | Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 1st meeting, 4-7 December 1978 | WHO/SE/78.132:7,21 |
Year | Title | Authors | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | Special report on smallpox and its eradication in Yunnan Province, China | Dept of Health, Yunnan Province | SME/79.10 | |
1979 | Report on a visit to the People's Republic of China to consider matters relating to the certification of smallpox eradication, 14-30 July 1979 | F Fenner, JG Breman | SME/79.11 | |
1979 | Smallpox eradication in China. Report submitted to WHO, 31 Jul 1979 | Govt of People's Rep of China | WHO/SE/79.142 Rev 1 | |
1979 | Supplementary information to the report on smallpox eradication in China | GC.WP/79.5 | ||
1979 | Smallpox eradication in the Autonomous Region of Tibet in the People's Republic of China | Govt of People's Rep of China | WHO/SE/79.151 | |
1978 | Final Report of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, Dec 1979 | WHO/SE/79.152 |